On the other hand, a more systemic perspective explains that international humanitarian law represents a function of international human rights law it includes general norms that apply to everyone at all time as well as specialized norms which apply to certain situations such as armed conflict and military occupation (i.e., IHL) or to certain groups of people including refugees (e.g., the 1951 Refugee Convention), children (the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child), and prisoners of war (the 1949 Third Geneva Convention). In a nutshell, those who favor separate, self-contained regimes emphasize the differences in applicability international humanitarian law applies only during armed conflict. While pluralist scholars conceive international human rights law as being distinct from international humanitarian law, proponents of the constitutionalist approach regard the latter as a subset of the former. This discussion forms part of a larger discussion on fragmentation of international law. The relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law is disputed among international law scholars.
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